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Creating a blog from scratch with PHP - Part 9 Cover Image

David Carr

David Carr

8 min read - 4th Feb, 2019

Table of Contents

Blog Series

In this tutorial we will add the ability to add an image for each post.

Demo: https://demos.dcblog.dev/simpleblog-coverphoto/

admin demo: https://demos.dcblog.dev/simpleblog-coverphoto/admin

username: demo
password: demo

The image will be added into another column of the database table so add another column your database table called postImage that's a varchar data type and uses 255 chars.

postImage

First lets update the add-post.php

After the form is submitted, set the path to where uploaded images will go. Make sure to make a folder in the root called images this is where the images will be uploaded to,

// location where initial upload will be moved to
$target = "images/" . $_FILES['postImage']['name'];
$path = '../'.$target;

Next, add a check to ensure only image extensions are used. At the same time call move_uploaded_file() and pass in the tmp name of the file and the upload path.

if(isset($_FILES['postImage'])){

    // find thevtype of image
    switch ($_FILES["postImage"]["type"]) {
    case $_FILES["postImage"]["type"] == "image/gif":
        move_uploaded_file($_FILES["postImage"]["tmp_name"], $path);
        break;
    case $_FILES["postImage"]["type"] == "image/jpeg":
           move_uploaded_file($_FILES["postImage"]["tmp_name"], $path);
        break;
    case $_FILES["postImage"]["type"] == "image/pjpeg":
           move_uploaded_file($_FILES["postImage"]["tmp_name"], $path);
        break;
    case $_FILES["postImage"]["type"] == "image/png":
        move_uploaded_file($_FILES["postImage"]["tmp_name"], $path);
        break;
    case $_FILES["postImage"]["type"] == "image/x-png":
        move_uploaded_file($_FILES["postImage"]["tmp_name"], $path);
        break;

    default:
        $error[] = 'Wrong image type selected. Only JPG, PNG or GIF accepted!.';
    }

}

After the post has been saved check if there has been an image uploaded and if so then save it in the database:

if(isset($_FILES['postImage'])){

    $stmt = $db->prepare('UPDATE blog_posts SET postImage = :image WHERE postID = :postID') ;
    $stmt->execute(array(
        ':postID' => $postID,
        ':image' => $target
    ));
}

For the form to be able to upload files it needs a new attribute  enctype="multipart/form-data"

<form action='' method='post' enctype="multipart/form-data">

The file upload element is very simple, its an input with a type of file.

<p><label>Image</label><br />
<input type='file' name='postImage'></p>

Putting it all together:

<?php //include config
require_once('../includes/config.php');

//if not logged in redirect to login page
if(!$user->is_logged_in()){ header('Location: login.php'); }
?>
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>Admin - Add Post</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="../style/normalize.css">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="../style/main.css">
  <script src="//tinymce.cachefly.net/4.0/tinymce.min.js"></script>
  <script>
          tinymce.init({
              selector: "textarea",
              plugins: [
                  "advlist autolink lists link image charmap print preview anchor",
                  "searchreplace visualblocks code fullscreen",
                  "insertdatetime media table contextmenu paste"
              ],
              toolbar: "insertfile undo redo | styleselect | bold italic | alignleft aligncenter alignright alignjustify | bullist numlist outdent indent | link image"
          });
  </script>
  <script>
(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
})(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');

ga('create', 'UA-46100971-1', 'auto');
ga('send', 'pageview');
</script>
</head>
<body>

<div id="wrapper">

    <?php include('menu.php');?>
    <p><a href="./">Blog Admin Index</a></p>

    <h2>Add Post</h2>

    <?php

    //if form has been submitted process it
    if(isset($_POST['submit'])){

        // location where initial upload will be moved to
        $target = "images/" . $_FILES['postImage']['name'];
        $path = '../'.$target;

        //collect form data
        extract($_POST);

        //very basic validation
        if($postTitle ==''){
            $error[] = 'Please enter the title.';
        }

        if($postDesc ==''){
            $error[] = 'Please enter the description.';
        }

        if($postCont ==''){
            $error[] = 'Please enter the content.';
        }

        if(isset($_FILES['postImage'])){

            // find thevtype of image
            switch ($_FILES["postImage"]["type"]) {
            case $_FILES["postImage"]["type"] == "image/gif":
                move_uploaded_file($_FILES["postImage"]["tmp_name"], $path);
                break;
            case $_FILES["postImage"]["type"] == "image/jpeg":
                   move_uploaded_file($_FILES["postImage"]["tmp_name"], $path);
                break;
            case $_FILES["postImage"]["type"] == "image/pjpeg":
                   move_uploaded_file($_FILES["postImage"]["tmp_name"], $path);
                break;
            case $_FILES["postImage"]["type"] == "image/png":
                move_uploaded_file($_FILES["postImage"]["tmp_name"], $path);
                break;
            case $_FILES["postImage"]["type"] == "image/x-png":
                move_uploaded_file($_FILES["postImage"]["tmp_name"], $path);
                break;

            default:
                $error[] = 'Wrong image type selected. Only JPG, PNG or GIF accepted!.';
            }

        }

        if(!isset($error)){

            try {

                $postSlug = slug($postTitle);

                //insert into database
                $stmt = $db->prepare('INSERT INTO blog_posts (postTitle,postSlug,postDesc,postCont,postDate,postTags) VALUES (:postTitle, :postSlug, :postDesc, :postCont, :postDate, :postTags)') ;
                $stmt->execute(array(
                    ':postTitle' => $postTitle,
                    ':postSlug' => $postSlug,
                    ':postDesc' => $postDesc,
                    ':postCont' => $postCont,
                    ':postDate' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
                    ':postTags' => $postTags
                ));
                $postID = $db->lastInsertId();

                if(isset($_FILES['postImage'])){

                    $stmt = $db->prepare('UPDATE blog_posts SET postImage = :image WHERE postID = :postID') ;
                    $stmt->execute(array(
                        ':postID' => $postID,
                        ':image' => $target
                    ));
                }

                //add categories
                if(is_array($catID)){
                    foreach($_POST['catID'] as $catID){
                        $stmt = $db->prepare('INSERT INTO blog_post_cats (postID,catID)VALUES(:postID,:catID)');
                        $stmt->execute(array(
                            ':postID' => $postID,
                            ':catID' => $catID
                        ));
                    }
                }

                //redirect to index page
                header('Location: index.php?action=added');
                exit;

            } catch(PDOException $e) {
                echo $e->getMessage();
            }

        }

    }

    //check for any errors
    if(isset($error)){
        foreach($error as $error){
            echo '<p class="error">'.$error.'</p>';
        }
    }
    ?>

    <form action='' method='post' enctype="multipart/form-data">

        <p><label>Title</label><br />
        <input type='text' name='postTitle' value='<?php if(isset($error)){ echo $_POST['postTitle'];}?>'></p>

        <p><label>Image</label><br />
        <input type='file' name='postImage'></p>

        <p><label>Description</label><br />
        <textarea name='postDesc' cols='60' rows='10'><?php if(isset($error)){ echo $_POST['postDesc'];}?></textarea></p>

        <p><label>Content</label><br />
        <textarea name='postCont' cols='60' rows='10'><?php if(isset($error)){ echo $_POST['postCont'];}?></textarea></p>

        <p><label>Tags (comma seperated)</label><br />
        <input type='text' name='postTags' value='<?php if(isset($error)){ echo $_POST['postTags'];}?>' style="width:400px;"></p>


        <fieldset>
            <legend>Categories</legend>

            <?php    

            $stmt2 = $db->query('SELECT catID, catTitle FROM blog_cats ORDER BY catTitle');
            while($row2 = $stmt2->fetch()){

                if(isset($_POST['catID'])){

                    if(in_array($row2['catID'], $_POST['catID'])){
                       $checked="checked='checked'";
                    }else{
                       $checked = null;
                    }
                }

                echo "<input type='checkbox' name='catID[]' value='".$row2['catID']."' $checked> ".$row2['catTitle']."<br />";
            }

            ?>

        </fieldset>

        <p><input type='submit' name='submit' value='Submit'></p>

    </form>

</div>

The edit-post.php page is essentially the same steps as above the only difference is postImage needs to be added to the select query:

$stmt = $db->prepare('SELECT postID, postTitle, postDesc, postCont, postTags, postImage FROM blog_posts WHERE postID = :postID');

When showing the file upload element also show the image if there has been one uploaded.

<p><label>Image</label><br />
<input type='file' name='postImage'></p>

<?php if ($row['postImage'] !=''){ ?>
    <p><img src="<?=$url.$row['postImage'];?>"></p>
<?php } ?>

I've added a new variable to config.php called $url this is the full url of the website. This allows the image to have a full path when being displayed.

Add this to config.php (put your own website address)

$url = 'https://yourdomain.com/';

The complete edit-post.php page looks like:

<?php //include config
require_once('../includes/config.php');

//if not logged in redirect to login page
if(!$user->is_logged_in()){ header('Location: login.php'); }
?>
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>Admin - Edit Post</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="../style/normalize.css">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="../style/main.css">
  <script src="//tinymce.cachefly.net/4.0/tinymce.min.js"></script>
  <script>
          tinymce.init({
              selector: "textarea",
              plugins: [
                  "advlist autolink lists link image charmap print preview anchor",
                  "searchreplace visualblocks code fullscreen",
                  "insertdatetime media table contextmenu paste"
              ],
              toolbar: "insertfile undo redo | styleselect | bold italic | alignleft aligncenter alignright alignjustify | bullist numlist outdent indent | link image"
          });
  </script>
  <script>
(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
})(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');

ga('create', 'UA-46100971-1', 'auto');
ga('send', 'pageview');
</script>
</head>
<body>

<div id="wrapper">

    <?php include('menu.php');?>
    <p><a href="./">Blog Admin Index</a></p>

    <h2>Edit Post</h2>


    <?php

    //if form has been submitted process it
    if(isset($_POST['submit'])){

        // location where initial upload will be moved to
        $target = "images/" . $_FILES['postImage']['name'];
        $path = '../'.$target;

        //collect form data
        extract($_POST);

        //very basic validation
        if($postID ==''){
            $error[] = 'This post is missing a valid id!.';
        }

        if($postTitle ==''){
            $error[] = 'Please enter the title.';
        }

        if($postDesc ==''){
            $error[] = 'Please enter the description.';
        }

        if($postCont ==''){
            $error[] = 'Please enter the content.';
        }

        if(isset($_FILES['postImage'])){

            // find thevtype of image
            switch ($_FILES["postImage"]["type"]) {
            case $_FILES["postImage"]["type"] == "image/gif":
                move_uploaded_file($_FILES["postImage"]["tmp_name"], $path);
                break;
            case $_FILES["postImage"]["type"] == "image/jpeg":
                   move_uploaded_file($_FILES["postImage"]["tmp_name"], $path);
                break;
            case $_FILES["postImage"]["type"] == "image/pjpeg":
                   move_uploaded_file($_FILES["postImage"]["tmp_name"], $path);
                break;
            case $_FILES["postImage"]["type"] == "image/png":
                move_uploaded_file($_FILES["postImage"]["tmp_name"], $path);
                break;
            case $_FILES["postImage"]["type"] == "image/x-png":
                move_uploaded_file($_FILES["postImage"]["tmp_name"], $path);
                break;

            default:
                $error[] = 'Wrong image type selected. Only JPG, PNG or GIF accepted!.';
            }

        }

        if(!isset($error)){

            try {

                $postSlug = slug($postTitle);

                //insert into database
                $stmt = $db->prepare('UPDATE blog_posts SET postTitle = :postTitle, postSlug = :postSlug, postDesc = :postDesc, postCont = :postCont, postTags = :postTags WHERE postID = :postID') ;
                $stmt->execute(array(
                    ':postTitle' => $postTitle,
                    ':postSlug' => $postSlug,
                    ':postDesc' => $postDesc,
                    ':postCont' => $postCont,
                    ':postID' => $postID,
                    ':postTags' => $postTags
                ));

                if(isset($_FILES['postImage'])){

                    $stmt = $db->prepare('UPDATE blog_posts SET postImage = :image WHERE postID = :postID') ;
                    $stmt->execute(array(
                        ':postID' => $postID,
                        ':image' => $target
                    ));
                }

                //delete all items with the current postID
                $stmt = $db->prepare('DELETE FROM blog_post_cats WHERE postID = :postID');
                $stmt->execute(array(':postID' => $postID));

                if(is_array($catID)){
                    foreach($_POST['catID'] as $catID){
                        $stmt = $db->prepare('INSERT INTO blog_post_cats (postID,catID)VALUES(:postID,:catID)');
                        $stmt->execute(array(
                            ':postID' => $postID,
                            ':catID' => $catID
                        ));
                    }
                }

                //redirect to index page
                header('Location: index.php?action=updated');
                exit;

            } catch(PDOException $e) {
                echo $e->getMessage();
            }

        }

    }

    ?>


    <?php
    //check for any errors
    if(isset($error)){
        foreach($error as $error){
            echo $error.'<br />';
        }
    }

        try {

            $stmt = $db->prepare('SELECT postID, postTitle, postDesc, postCont, postTags, postImage FROM blog_posts WHERE postID = :postID') ;
            $stmt->execute(array(':postID' => $_GET['id']));
            $row = $stmt->fetch(); 

        } catch(PDOException $e) {
            echo $e->getMessage();
        }

    ?>

    <form action='' method='post' enctype="multipart/form-data">
        <input type='hidden' name='postID' value='<?php echo $row['postID'];?>'>

        <p><label>Title</label><br />
        <input type='text' name='postTitle' value='<?php echo $row['postTitle'];?>'></p>

        <p><label>Image</label><br />
        <input type='file' name='postImage'></p>

        <?php if ($row['postImage'] !=''){ ?>
            <p><img src="<?=$url.$row['postImage'];?>"></p>
        <?php } ?>

        <p><label>Description</label><br />
        <textarea name='postDesc' cols='60' rows='10'><?php echo $row['postDesc'];?></textarea></p>

        <p><label>Content</label><br />
        <textarea name='postCont' cols='60' rows='10'><?php echo $row['postCont'];?></textarea></p>

        <p><label>Tags (comma seperated)</label><br />
        <input type='text' name='postTags' value='<?php echo $row['postTags'];?>' style="width:400px;"></p>

        <fieldset>
            <legend>Categories</legend>

            <?php

            $stmt2 = $db->query('SELECT catID, catTitle FROM blog_cats ORDER BY catTitle');
            while($row2 = $stmt2->fetch()){

                $stmt3 = $db->prepare('SELECT catID FROM blog_post_cats WHERE catID = :catID AND postID = :postID') ;
                $stmt3->execute(array(':catID' => $row2['catID'], ':postID' => $row['postID']));
                $row3 = $stmt3->fetch(); 

                if($row3['catID'] == $row2['catID']){
                    $checked = 'checked=checked';
                } else {
                    $checked = null;
                }

                echo "<input type='checkbox' name='catID[]' value='".$row2['catID']."' $checked> ".$row2['catTitle']."<br />";
            }

            ?>

        </fieldset>

        <p><input type='submit' name='submit' value='Update'></p>



    </form>

</div>

</body>
</html>

Front End

Now its time to display image with the post, open index.php add postImage to your query:

$stmt = $db->query('SELECT postID, postTitle, postSlug, postDesc, postDate, postTags, postImage FROM blog_posts ORDER BY postID DESC');

This returns the column from the database, next we use an if statement where we want the image to be displayed:

if ($row['postImage'] !=''){
    echo "<p><img src='".$url.$row['postImage']."' style='max-width:100%;'></p>";
}

The image that has been uploaded will not be resized there for its a good idea to resize it before upload. Having said that here I'm using inline styling to set the image width to be 100% which should help to keep the image from expanding beyond the post.

That's it! repeat the steps above to all files displaying the posts.

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